Abstract
Gut microbiota has been suggested to affect lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the faecal microbiota signature and both short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BA) profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects. Microbiota composition, SCFAs, BA and blood lipid profile from male volunteers with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and normocholesterolemia (NC) were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing, HPLC, GC and NMR, respectively. HC subjects were characterized by having lower relative abundance of Anaeroplasma (0.002% vs 0.219%, p-value = 0.026) and Haemophilus (0.041% vs 0.078%, p-value = 0.049), and higher of Odoribacter (0.51% vs 0.16%; p-value = 0.044). Correlation analysis revealed that Anaeroplasma and Haemophilus were associated to an unfavourable lipid profile: they correlated negatively to cholesterol and triglycerides related biomarkers and the ratio total to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and positively to HDL size. Odoribacter displayed an opposite behaviour. Faecal SCFAs profile revealed higher abundance of isobutyric (2.76% vs 0.82%, p-value = 0.049) and isovaleric acid (1.32% vs 0.06%, p-value = 0.016) in HC. Isobutyric acid correlated positively with Odoribacter and lipid parameters indicative of an unfavourable profile. BA profile did not show differences between groups. It was concluded that HC subjects showed a particular faecal bacterial signature and SCFAs profile associated with their lipid profile.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the biggest cause of deaths globally
HC group displayed the typical hallmarks of this phenotype in comparison with NC group (Table 1), such as higher total cholesterol (Total-C) levels, mainly carried by intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL-C), higher levels of triglycerides (TG) from intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL, as well as higher ratio of both Total-C to high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and LDL-P to HDL-P
These differences seem to be intrinsically related to the subject physiology rather than to other external factors that have been reported to alter the gut microbiota composition, such as diet; since some association were observed between both carbohydrates, fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA) and saturated fatty acids levels (SFA) with Haemophilus, Odoribacter and Ruminococcus, the intake of these nutrients was similar in HC and NC
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the biggest cause of deaths globally. More than 17.7 million people died of CVDs in 2015, representing 31% of all death worldwide[1]. Have been reported to influence the efficiency of energy harvesting, as well as activate the immune system, modulate the chronic inflammation through the alteration of intestinal barrier permeability and disturb the reverse cholesterol transport among others, affecting the susceptibility for certain metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes or alcoholic fatty liver disease[15,16,17,18,19,20,21] Despite all these great advances in the knowledge of host physiology microbiota involvement, there are still few studies in humans revealing both the identity of microbes and their metabolites associated with host lipid metabolism. Correlations between these both parameters and a wide selection of lipid profile biomarkers, taking into account their particle size, were analysed
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