Faculty Publication Productivity and Collaboration in Pakistan: Using Mixed Methods to Compare Foreign and Domestic Doctoral Degree Holders

Unlike prior studies that have examined the research productivity to develop various rank-order metrics of particular scholars or institutions, we seek to determine ways in which criminology and criminal justice faculty at the top 21 doctoral programs publish their research. To account for a potential diversity in faculty publication productivity, our study considers various outlets for faculty publications—journal articles, books, and book chapters—and develops composite profiles of publication productivity. Our intention is not to rank faculty and determine academic stars, but to distinguish groups of faculty similar in their patterns of faculty productivity. We analyze the publications of over 90% of all tenured and tenure-track faculty employed by the top 21 U.S. doctoral programs in criminology and criminal justice. Our latent profile analysis yielded five distinct profiles of productivity among the faculty in the top doctoral programs. Our study reaffirms the need for the use of multidimensional measures of publication productivity.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors which may be important in the publication productivity of university nurse faculty. Two central research questions were addressed: 1) What relationship exists between selected professional, educational, and career variables and the publication productivity of university nurse faculty members? 2) What is the typical publication productivity profile of university nurse faculty? The population consisted of 422 full-time tenure tract nurse faculty teaching in seven nursing schools that offered baccalaureate, master's and doctoral programs and were located in public Research Universities I. All data were obtained through the use of a questionnaire. Completed questionnaires were received from 80 percent of the respondents. Faculty not meeting the criteria for the study and all instructors were eliminated from analysis. Data were ultimately analyzed for 261 subjects. Thirty-two variables were found to have a significant relationship to faculty publication productivity. Eleven of these variables (highest degree, years since first master's, age, rank, teaching responsibilities, time spent teaching, time spent in research, hours of clinical instruction, teaching and research preferences, journals received, beliefs about the desirable relationship between publication and promotion and tenure) and five motivational variables were included in a regression analysis. These 16 variables grouped into three clusters, accounted for .4845 percent of the total variation in university nurse faculty publication productivity. Current job socialization factors and motivational factors accounted for a significant amount of variation in faculty publication productivity even when highest degree, years since first master's, age, and rank were controlled.

An analysis of the authorship of international accounting research in U.S. journals and AOS: 1980 through 1996

We examine the effect of a Congressionally mandated multidisciplinary center program on the careers of affiliated scientists. Important to the research evaluation design, we incorporate a control group of researchers who are not affiliated with these centers. We collect curricula vitae from both groups, a data source that has been demonstrated to provide valid and reliable longitudinal data about academic productivity. We evaluate the impact of center affiliation on publication productivity, collaboration, and grants activity. We find that center affiliation tends to promote lower grant velocity, but greater levels of collaboration. These higher levels of collaboration increase publication productivity, but gains may be offset by the lower grants velocity. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

A Review of:
 Budd, J. (2017). Faculty publications and citations: a longitudinal examination. College & Research Libraries, 78(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.78.1.80
 Abstract
 Objective – To study the publishing output and citation activity of faculty at research universities.
 Design – Bibliometric and citation analysis.
 Setting – Academic citation databases.
 Subjects – Institutions in the United States that are members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL).
 Methods – This study builds on three previous studies conducted by the author looking at faculty publication productivity, which were conducted for three different time periods beginning in 1991. For the present study, the author searched Scopus by institution to collect the total number of publications and citations for the faculty of more than 100 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member universities, covering the years 2011 to 2013. The author acquired the total number of faculty at each institution from the ARL website. The faculty number from the ARL website and publication and citation data from Scopus were used to calculate the per capita publication and citation numbers for each institution. The author calculated the total mean number of publications and the mean number of per capita publications per university. Chi tests were used to compare the means for statistical significance. 
 Main Results – The number of both total and per capita publications for each institution went up over the course of all three studies. The mean number of total publications per university for 1991 to 1993, the first time period studied, was 4,595.8; for the time period of the current study, 2011 to 2013, the mean was 9,662.0. For per capita publications, the mean for 1991 to 1993 was 3.56 and the mean for the present study was 5.96. Based on chi-square tests, the results were found to be statistically significant.
 Conclusions – The study found that the number of total publications increased significantly over time, exceeding the author’s statistical expectations based on previous work.

Becoming an effective and well rounded leader in academia often requires proficiency in the threecritical components of an academic career: scholarship, service, and teaching. However, the emergingfocus on faculty scholarship as the most salient of these elements, particularly as evidenced throughpublication in academic journals for graduate faculties, has been well documented in research (Green,2005; Green & Baskind, 2007). While the relative weighting and importance of scholarship issomewhat inconsistent across universities, disciplines, and faculty rank (Green, 2008; Price & Cotton,2006), the publication productivity of faculty is the major correlate for graduate program rankings fromthe U.S. News and World Report and many graduate school deans consider it the "central criterion" forpromotion and tenure decisions (Green & Baskind, 2007, p.282).

The relationship between faculty publication productivity and the cognitive complexity of student examination questions is examined. Results show that scholars who publish books and those who publish fewer articles ask more critical‐thinking questions. Publishing more articles seems to negatively influence the asking of such questions.

PurposeDoctoral degrees are generally the highest level of education provided by educational institutions in Western countries. Nevertheless, doctoral degree holders – i.e. Philosophiae Doctors (PhDs) – struggle to find a job that matches their knowledge and expertise. This article investigates the effects that PhDs' satisfaction with different attributes of educational services has on their ability to obtain employment either in academia or outside it.Design/methodology/approachSecondary data were accessed from a nationwide survey performed in Italy between February and July 2014. More than 16,000 people who achieved a doctoral degree between January 2008 and December 2010 were involved in the analysis. The four-years' time-span was justified by the need to avoid potential biases produced by a short time lapse between data collection and the awarding of the respondents' doctoral degree. A logistic regression model was designed to shed light on the relationship between doctoral degree holders' satisfaction and their ability to find employment.FindingsThis study results suggested that the attributes of educational services had varying effects on the doctoral degree holders' ability to obtain work. More specifically, the perceived quality of research and methodological courses delivered by educational institutions and the quality of the technologies and digital resources available at the host university were found to positively affect the ability of doctoral degree holders to get a job in academia. Conversely, the satisfaction with the quality of the teaching activities was positively related to the doctoral degree holders' employability outside academia.Practical implicationsThe quality of educational services provided to students attending a doctoral degree course affects their ability to find work. Enhancing the quality of educational services may reduce the risk of unemployment amongst doctoral degree holders.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, few attempts have been made to investigate the interplay between the quality of educational services and doctoral degree holders' employability.

Doctoral degree holders may struggle to find a job, even though they possess the highest level of education delivered by universities. Whilst learning experiences’ quality has been argued to affect the doctoral degree holders’ ability to get a job, little is known about the relationship between these dimensions. To shed light on this issue, the article investigated secondary data collected from the 2018 national survey on doctoral degree holders in Italy. The respondents’ ability to get a job four to six years after the achievement of their doctoral degree was examined. A multinomial polytomous logistic regression model was designed to obtain evidence of the relationship between the perceived quality of learning experiences and the doctoral degree holders’ ability to get a job. The enrichment of learning experiences with practice-oriented educational activities enhanced the PhDs’ ability to get a job. People who were dissatisfied with their relationship with academics were more likely to be unemployed. Tailored interventions are needed to augment the quality of learning experiences and to increase the PhDs’ ability to get a job. Educational services’ co-production and the involvement of business partners in co-designing educational services might contribute positively to the doctoral degree holders’ ability to get a job.

This quantitative study employed descriptive-correlational research design to analyze the influence of faculty members’ educational attainment on the performance in the licensure examination for teachers (LET) among 112 state universities and colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. Results showed that almost half of the faculty members are bachelor’s degree holders, about two-fifths of them have master’s degree, and more than one-tenth are doctoral degree holders. The SUCs had an overall passing percentage higher as well as majority of the SUCs performed higher than the national passing rate. There is a significant inverse relationship between the educational attainment of faculty with bachelor’s degree and LET performance, in which higher proportion of faculty members with bachelor’s degree tends to result to a lower passing percentage. In contrast, the educational attainment of faculty with doctoral degree has significant direct relationship to LET performance, in which higher proportion of doctoral degree holders likely results to higher passing rate in the LET. However, the educational attainment of teaching staff with master’s degree does not significantly correlate with LET performance, hence it does not significantly influence LET performance. When the three categories of educational attainment are taken as independent variables, only doctoral degree significantly influences LET performance. Implications of the findings on faculty hiring and training are also discussed to continuously improve LET performance.

This descriptive cross-sectional survey examined faculty publication productivity at Jigjiga University, Ethiopia. It, specifically, aimed at exploring the factors and barriers that may influence publication productivity among academic staffs while also comparing variations across academic disciplines. The survey employed self-administered questionnaire distributed to 120 faculties randomly selected from nine academic disciplines during February to April 2016. This observation indicated that only 38.3% of the academic faculty members have published a research work since joining Jigjiga University. Publication of journal articles was the predominant type of publication outlet (58.7%) followed by conference proceedings (13%). The analysis result indicated that there was statistically significant (p 0.05) in publication productivity in relation to sex, age, teaching load and involvement in administrative activities. In addition, significant variation (p<0.05) existed on publication productivity across academic disciplines. Faculties in the natural and life science fields generally appeared to publish more than those in the social sciences. Respondents cited several factors that can be implicated in the low prevalence of publication productivity at Jigjiga University. The most cited barriers in order of higher frequency include lack of recognition such as promotion, absence of institutional research journal, poor access to information sources such as internet connectivity, insufficient research facilities, lack of financial incentives, lack of institutional/department support on publication, high publication charges inquired by journals, and poor research and publication atmosphere which were agreed upon by about 75% of the respondents. Most of these obstacles were organizational in nature, and thus focus to improve research productivity should consider tackling these factors at institutional level. Therefore, results of this survey imply that understanding these inhibitory factors and designing appropriate intervention strategy may help Jigjiga University towards improving the research and publication productivity of its academic faculty members. Key words: Publication, productivity, research, faculty, academics, Jigjiga University.

Within the scope of this article we went further into the question to what extent particularistic attributes - social origin and gender - can affect selection processes (1) in access to and (2) in later career attainment after achieving the doctoral degree. The analyses are based on a questionnaire survey (n = 2 244) among doctoral degree holders achieving the doctoral degree in six selected disciplines (biology, electrical engineering, German studies, mathematics, social sciences, and business studies/ economics) at German universities. In terms of our first object of investigation, the analyses show that in four out of six disciplines doctoral degree holders are a selected group compared to university graduates with regard to both social origin and gender. In terms of our second object of investigation - the impact of particularistic attributes on several indicators of further career attainment after achieving the doctoral degree (career inside or outside higher education and science, career position and income) - the results point to a stronger impact of gender compared to social origin.

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This study analyzes, using the elite approach, the relationship between the Israeli ministerial elite and their adoption of a unilateral withdrawal plan from the Palestinian territories because the socio-economic constituents of this elite are so strong and influential that it affects the political conduct of its members. The study shows, through an analysis of the relationship between party affiliation and members’ adoption of the withdrawal plan, that all members of the Shinui Party and 85.7% of Kadima members supported the plan and that all the ministers from the National Religious Party, Yisrael Baaliah and Yisrael Beiteinu opposed it. The study also finds that the socio-economic status of the ministerial elite affects the members’ stand on the unilateral withdrawal plan: those who were seventy, sixty or fifty years old supported the plan while those who were forty opposed it. The study also shows that 56.3% of the ministers who were born in Israel supported the withdrawal plan and 80% of the members of the Israeli elite who lived in major cities ( Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa) approved the plan, while all members of the elite who lived in settlements rejected the plan completely. Furthermore the study shows that all those who practiced or worked in journalism and 75% of lawyers and managers had supported the Israeli unilateral withdrawal plan. With regard to the level of education, the study also shows that the highest percentage of supporters of the unilateral withdrawal plan among the members of the ministerial elite amounted to 75% among master’s degree holders, 66.7% among doctorate degree holders and 56.3% with a bachelor’s degree. On the other hand, the highest percentage of opponents amounted to 33% among doctoral degree holders, followed by bachelor’s degree 31.2% and then master’s degree by 25%. The percentage of the members of the educated ministerial elite who studied in Israel and voted for the plan was 56% while all members who studied in the United States backed the unilateral disengagement plan, while 66.7% of those who studied in foreign universities outside Israel agreed on that plan. This indicates that American universities promote the principles of coexistence in the region. With respect to the recruitment in the army or the political administrative system, about 95% of the ministerial elite had done military service and that about 68.4% of them supported the unilateral withdrawal plan.

The chapter analyses the growth in numbers of doctoral students and doctoral degrees awarded in the United Kingdom in recent years and develops two arguments related to this growth. First, doctoral education and training no longer serve almost exclusively the reproduction of the academic profession but provide a highly qualified workforce for the knowledge-intensive sectors of society. Second, due to the growth in the numbers, motives and purposes for obtaining a doctoral degree have diversified leading to the development of new routes towards a doctorate and an expansion in the types of doctoral degree. The United Kingdom is probably the European country with the highest degree of diversity in terms of doctoral degree types, and the most important ones are briefly described in the chapter. This second part will also include a brief discussion of nonacademic labour markets for doctoral degree holders. A third part of the chapter will look at the extended policy field into which doctoral education and training have increasingly been embedded in recent years. Given the fact that doctoral degree holders are a valuable resource (e.g. in human capital terms) for various economic sectors of the knowledge society, their education and training is no longer considered to be exclusively an academic affair. Instead, it is increasingly managed at institutional level and guided by policy processes at national and – at least in Europe – at supranational level. The fourth and final part of the chapter will discuss the question of the growing divergence or growing convergence in doctoral education and training. It is assumed that, despite the growing diversity of pathways and doctoral degree types, there is also some convergence at play – at least at the European level – in so far as quality assurance, definitions of skills and qualifications as well as procedures for the examination and award of degrees are increasingly subject to standards, rules and regulations defined by the European network of quality assurance agencies. It remains to be seen whether the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union will have an impact on, or even reverse, this trend.