FACTS-based 3DOF-PID Controller for LFC of Renewable Power System Under Deregulation Using GOA

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article introduces grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) for getting an optimum and effective solution of an automatic generation control (AGC) problem in hybrid power systems under a deregulated scenario using a 3-degree freedom of proportional integral and derivative (3DOF-PID) controller. Initially, two-area thermal-hydro-gas-wind system is considered. To compensate the load disturbances and to stabilize the area frequency oscillations, dynamic power flow control with PID and 3DOF-PID controllers have been studied. The performances of PID and 3DOF-PID controllers are evaluated with high voltage direct current (HVDC) link. The present investigation reveals that GOA-optimized 3DOF-PID controller is better than any other conventional technique, such as moth swarm algorithm (MSA) optimization technique. Afterward, a two-area AGC system is considered, where in one area wind power plant is incorporated with a thermal hydro plant and in the other area solar thermal power-plant (STPP) is incorporated with the same combination. Additionally, the effectiveness of different flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices e.g. unified power flow controller (UPFC) and super conducting magnetic energy storage device (SMES) along with 3DOF-PID controller-based AGC is compared with PID controller-based AGC. Moreover, to make the AGC problem more realistic, initially generation rate constraints (GRC) and governor with dead band (GDB) and finally boiler dynamics (BD) are included in thermal unit, and performance of the proposed controller using proposed algorithm is evaluated under deregulated environment. Finally, the proposed technique is applied under random load variation.