Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

Pratap Chandra Nayak,Ramesh Chandra Prusty,Sidhartha Panda

doi:10.1186/s41601-021-00187-x

Abstract

This paper uses a Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller for Automatic generation control (AGC) of a power system with Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) devices. Three differently rated reheat turbine operated thermal units with appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC) are considered along with different FACTS devices. A new multistage controller design structure of a PDF plus (1 + PI) is introduced in the FACTS empowered power system for AGC while the controller gains are tuned by the GOA. The superiority of the proposed algorithm over the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms is demonstrated. The dynamic responses of GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) are compared with PIDF, PID and PI controllers on the same system. It is demonstrated that GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller provides optimum responses in terms of settling time and peak deviations compared to other controllers. In addition, a GOA-tuned PDF plus (1 + PI) controller with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) exhibits optimal results compared to other FACTS devices. The sturdiness of the projected controller is validated using sensitivity analysis with numerous load patterns and a wide variation of parameterization. To further validate the real-time feasibility of the proposed method, experiments using OPAL-RT OP5700 RCP/HIL and FPGA based real-time simulations are carried out.

Highlights

In a multi-area power system, qualitative, reliable, secure, stable and economic action of the system requires stable frequency and power transmission across a tieline preserved at their nominal values
Steadiness of frequency oscillation is achieved by a fractional order based Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) controller in [6] while Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS)-SMES was implemented in DFIG-based wind farm integrated power systems in [7] [8, 9]. used redox flow batteries interlinked with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) and a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), while [10, 11] used TCSC for stability control in IPFC, and an SMES-UPFC combination was used in a 2-area 6-unit system in [12]
4.1 Effectiveness of PDF plus (1 + PI) controller In this segment, the 3-area thermal power network fitted with reheat turbine, generation rate constraint (GRC) and IPFC in each control area is examined by various controllers such as PI, PID, PIDF and PDF plus (1 + PI) optimized by the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) technique

Summary

Introduction

In a multi-area power system, qualitative, reliable, secure, stable and economic action of the system requires stable frequency and power transmission across a tieline preserved at their nominal values. The GOA algorithm is embedded with a PDF plus (1 + PI) controller in the AGC of a 3-area thermal power network for the escalation of gains in the presence of contrasting FACTS devices. Comparison of the dynamic performance of a 3-area thermal power network with FACTS devices along with a metamorphic PDF plus (1 + PI) controller. 2.2 Models of FACTS devices For smooth management of tie-line power control using fine adjustment of the relative phase angle between the two control areas is feasible using TCPS.

Statistical analysis of GOA

Results and discussions

Conclusion