Abstract
Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading can induce significant deformations and damage in existing structures, such as ports, bridges, and pipes. Past earthquakes have caused this phenomenon in coastal areas and rivers in many parts of the world. Current lateral spreading prediction models tend to either overestimate or underestimate the actual displacements by a factor of two or more when applied to large subduction earthquake events. The purpose of this study was to identify ground motion intensity measures and soil parameters that better correlate with observed lateral spreading under large-magnitude (Mw ≥ 7.5) subduction earthquakes that have occurred in countries like Chile, Japan, and Peru. A numerical approach was first validated against centrifuge and historical cases and then used to generate parametric models on which statistical analysis was applied. Our results show that cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), Housner intensity (HI), and sustained maximum velocity (SMV) have a reasonably good correlation with lateral spreading for the analyzed cases.
Highlights
Several models, either analytical, empirical, or computational, have been formulated to predict the behavior of liquefiable soils and to anticipate the amount of lateral displacements that can be generated during earthquakes
The main aim of this paper is to investigate, using an appropriate numerical model (Elgamal et al (2002) [9]), the effects of different geotechnical and seismic parameters on the amount of lateral spreading in free-field conditions during large-magnitude subduction earthquakes
The ground motions were scaled to 0.11 g, 0.22 g, and 0.33 g of PGA to measure the effect of PGA variability with lateral displacement
Summary
Either analytical, empirical, or computational, have been formulated to predict the behavior of liquefiable soils and to anticipate the amount of lateral displacements that can be generated during earthquakes. An evaluation of currently used empirical models (Bartlett et al (1995) [2], Faris et al (2006) [3], Zhang et al (2012) [4], Youd et al (2002) [5], Rauch et al (2006) [6]) was made by Tryon (2014) [7] and Williams (2015) [8] using historical cases of large-magnitude subduction earthquakes. They found weaknesses in those empirical models.
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