Factors Related To Incidence of Anemia in HIV Infected Children With Zidovudin in H Adam Malik Hospital

Abstract

Background: Anemia is one of the most common haematological complications in people with HIV infection. Anemia is associated with increased disease progression as well as worsening clinical conditions. Zidovudin is the first-line anti-retoviral treatment of HIV which has anemia side effects. The prevalence of anemia due to zidovudine varies from 3.7% to 41.6%, 21.3% was moderate-severe anemia. Besides zidovudin, there was a relationship between age, CD4 cell count, and opportunistic infections with the incidence of anemia. Objective: To study factors related to incidence of anemia in HIV infected children with zidovudin in H Adam Malik general hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study, 80 subjects who received zidovudin therapy were taken through medical records, then analyzed bivariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for anemia. Results: The incidence of anemia was 41.4% consisting of mild anemia 28.6%, moderate anemia 5.7%, severe anemia 7.1%. There is a correlation between anemia and immunodiciency status (P <0.001, PR 12.833, CI 1.863 - 88.395), nutritional status (P <0.001, PR: 10.731, CI 2.763 - 41.671), and length of therapy (P = 0.001, PR 2.779, CI 1.428 - 5,409). Multivariate analysis found that nutritional status was the most influential risk factor in influencing the onset of anemia in children with HIV who were given zidovudine therapy. Conclusion: there is a relationship between nutritional status, immonodeficiency status and length of therapy to the incidence of anemia in HIV-infected children who are given zidovudine therapy.