Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and HIV infection as well as other factors may worsen the situation. This study was aimed at determining the factors influencing malaria parasite prevalence and density as well as anaemia in HIV-infected children in Mutengene, Cameroon from November, 2012 to April, 2013.MethodsA semi-structured questionnaire was used to record information on socio-demographic factors and use of preventive measures by caregivers of HIV-infected children aged 1–15 years and of both sexes. Venous blood was collected; blood films were prepared and Giemsa-stained for parasite detection and speciation. Haemoglobin concentration was measured and the anaemic status determined. Data was analysed using Epi Info 7 software.ResultsA total of 234 children were studied. The overall malaria parasite prevalence was 24.8 % (58) and was significantly higher (31.9 %, P = 0 .004) in females, those who did not implement any preventive measure at all (66.7 %, P = 0.03) and children who used antiretroviral therapy (ART) (28.6 %, P = 0.02) when compared with their respective counterparts. Geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) was significantly higher (3098.4, P = 0.02) in children who presented with fever, had CD4 T cells ≥500 cells/μL (491.3, P = 0.003) and those with moderate anaemia (1658.8, P = 0.03) than their respective counterparts. Although there was no significant difference, GMPD was however higher in males (549.0); those not on ART (635.0) and highest in children <5 years old (633.0) than their respective counterparts. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 49.6 % (116). The value was significantly highest (58.3 %, P = 0.01) in the 11–15 years age group; those with CD4 T cell level 200–499 (72.7 %, P = 0.001) and children with fever (85.7 %, P = 0.01).ConclusionImplementation of proper and integrated malaria preventive measures as well as frequent monitoring of anaemia on prescription of ART could likely improve the health conditions of HIV-infected children thus avoiding malaria-related morbidity and mortality.
Highlights
Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as well as other factors may worsen the situation
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)) infection further worsens the situation in children that are co-infected with both diseases
Baseline characteristics of the study population A total of 234 out of 239 HIV-infected children aged 1–15 years participated in the study
Summary
Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and HIV infection as well as other factors may worsen the situation. This study was aimed at determining the factors influencing malaria parasite prevalence and density as well as anaemia in HIV-infected children in Mutengene, Cameroon from November, 2012 to April, 2013. An estimated 163,000 malaria cases have been reported in children in sub-Saharan Africa [4] Both infections are known to negatively impact each other. Children are generally susceptible and vulnerable to malaria [8] and with HIV co-infection they may be at a higher risk of severe malaria infection Such a co-infection may retard the age-related acquisition of natural immunity to malaria in children [6] and lead to higher parasite densities thereby increasing the risk of anaemia [2, 5, 9, 10]. Since malaria and HV/AIDS remain health concerns in this area, there is a need for constant monitoring of both diseases in all age groups
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