FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN RUSSIAN SENTENCES

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Introduction. The theoretical positions of the correlation of the structure of linguisticunits and their semantic relations as an object of studying the structural and semantic directionof the modern Russian language are considered in the article. Purpose. Investigate particularfactors that affect the change in the meaning relations in simple and complex sentences, dependingon the lexical content associated with the speech goal of a speaker or a writer. Methods. Descriptive,analytical, comparative methods are used in the article. Results. Modern researchers producetestimony to statement that the lexis and syntax, representing different levels of the linguisticsystem, are closely related: vocabulary is defined as the semantics of syntactical units, as theirstructure. In the construction of the syntactic units, the choice of lexis is determined by the speaker'sneeds to represent this or that information about reality. Lexis invades actively the area ofthe syntactic meanings. The communicative aspect influences the capacity of the membersof sentence, on the semantic discrimination of the subject and the predicate, strengthens or weakensthe value of the nominative meanings. Emotional-evaluative elements include a stylistic aspectand affect the structure of the sentence, combining semantic and grammatical factors. The directionof the semantic syntax put forward the concept of proposition as a model called the sentenceof the “state of affairs.” The structure of the proposition is determined by the predicate, it indicates the participants of the “state of affairs” (actants), determines their quantity and roles. The studyof the semantic organization of the sentence and the factors that influence their changes is carriedout simultaneously from the side of lexicology and semantic syntax. The dominant is the propositionthat a sentence, like a word, is a nominative unit. The difference is only in the representationof the correlative operation performed by the subject. The factor of the transitivity of syntacticphenomena is parallel complementary functions. Conclusions. Understanding the communityof the words and sentences functions as nominative units combined the possibilities of lexicologyand syntax, which expanded the field of interpretation characteristics of structural schemes of thesentence. Investigating the phenomenon of the transition of the one type of syntactic unit to another,we indicated the general and complementary factors of the semantic relationship changings.