Abstract
Abstract Many factors influence milk production and farm development. The most critical factor determining the production is the price of sold milk and indirectly the costs connected with its production. In majority of farms, milk production is profitable. The decisive factors influencing the profitability of milk production are the balance of nutrition and ensuring the welfare of dairy herds. Equally important are the genetic characteristics of cows and proper rearing of calves. The study shows that the modernization of farms also influences the development of milk production by improving the optimization of energy use and reducing labour intensity, and overall optimization of production costs.
Highlights
The Polish economy has been developing dynamically over the last twenty years
The study shows that the modernization of farms influences the development of milk production by improving the optimization of energy use and reducing labour intensity, and overall optimization of production costs
Agriculture has seen significant technological development, which is described by Litwińczuk et al (2016). It is noticeable in farms specializing in milk production
Summary
The Polish economy has been developing dynamically over the last twenty years. The economic development has not bypassed agriculture either. Agriculture has seen significant technological development, which is described by Litwińczuk et al (2016). It is noticeable in farms specializing in milk production. Milk, according to CSO data, in December last year cost an average of 1.40 PLN per litre and compared to November 2019 it was by 1% higher. The highest average price was recorded in Podlaskie Province. The high milk purchase price and its upward trend do not fully satisfy all producers, as indicated (Drozdz, 2019).
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