Factors influencing infant length of stay and time to full oral feeding in the neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract

For premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, feeding is a complex task. Multiple factors affect length of stay (LOS) and time to full oral feeding (TTFF). Researchers employed a retrospective chart review to examine how 14 primary and 10 secondary predictor variables influenced LOS and TTFF, if variables influenced LOS and TTFF in the same way, and how LOS and TTFF were related. Stratified random sampling identified 150 infants meeting age-range and medical inclusion criteria. Researchers used multiple- and simple linear regression and Pearson's correlation analyses. Gestational age, birthweight, type of respiratory support, number of breastfeeding episodes, number of feedings offered by either professionals or family, and number of distinct caregivers significantly influenced LOS and TTFF. Length of stay and TTFF were directly correlated (r = 0.87, p < .001). Seven secondary variables were also predictive, indicating an infant's LOS and TTFF is dependent upon various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. To support shorter LOS and TTFF, professionals should understand the impact of comorbidities on infant feeding progression, promote continuous family involvement, and advocate for consistency in caregivers and feeding practices.