Abstract
With the current development and increasing participation of women in work in developed countries, we find it important to study this issue in Jordan. The objective of this study was to explore the reasons behind the lacking representation of females and their work participation in the Jordanian public sector despite the high percentage of education attainment among them. In general around the world, the increase in women’s labor force participation over the past few decades was the main driving force of economic growth. Engaging women into the work sphere as much as possible is considered part of the solution to economic problems and poverty. To achieve this, the researchers employed a comparative and experimental approach to explore the reasons behind the lacking representation of females and their work participation in the Jordanian public sector, based on the outputs and recommendations published from previous studies in this. The results reveal that economic conditions, legal frameworks that cover employment matters, social prejudices and norms towards females work outside of the house, the existence of, religious beliefs are the main specific reasons for women's participation in the labor market. The social view that females are homemakers, mother, and dependents has led to the development of public policies that while aimed at providing protection, have led to the raise in discrimination against them. It is vital to work on building awareness and attitude change about women and men’s roles among the general population, in order to facilitate the increase of female work participation. Keywords: Females, Work Participation, Work Performance, Jordan, Public Sector. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-5-03 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
Highlights
Increased global attention on women's participation in the labor market and its social dimensions has been an incentive to increase studies on the gender and labor participation (Ackah, Ahiadeke and Fenny, 2009; Al-Abdallah and Bataineh, 2018) Where there is greater participation of women in the labor market in developed countries (Ackah, Ahiadeke and Fenny, 2009; Suhaida, Nurulhuda and Faizal, 2014)
In the past years, developing countries in the Middle East and Africa have increased the participation of women in the labor market, especially in the health and education sector, and the proportion of female students in schools and universities has increased. (Tara, 2012) at present, the proportion of educated women in the Middle East and Africa has increased, but their participation in the labor market and in supporting the economy has not been significantly appreciated the percentage of their participation in these countries, according to the report of the organization (ILO) 26%, but globally reached 56%
The lack of participation of women in the practical sector will have a negative impact on the economic growth of any country, as there will be less productivity and operational www.iiste.org capabilities, where many scientific researchers have confirmed that economic aid recently working women in support of education and health for their children and this is a catalyst in overcoming Poverty in developing countries
Summary
Increased global attention on women's participation in the labor market and its social dimensions has been an incentive to increase studies on the gender and labor participation (Ackah, Ahiadeke and Fenny, 2009; Al-Abdallah and Bataineh, 2018) Where there is greater participation of women in the labor market in developed countries (Ackah, Ahiadeke and Fenny, 2009; Suhaida, Nurulhuda and Faizal, 2014). Note that there is an increase in the rate of participation of women in the labor market, but we still note the division of some global markets by gender category where the number of women is few compared to men and can be observed a large difference in wages between men and women, which indicates that the highest proportion of women participating in the work In the informal market or among the poor, many countries still impose restrictions on women's employment and the development of their potential (Petersson, Mariscal and Ishi, 2017) According to (Women, 1997; The Council of Europe., 2017)A reference to the importance of equality of rights and opportunities between men and women as it is an important principle of human rights and a key condition for lasting development It is considered both, a human rights principle and a precondition for sustainable, people-centered development. Low-income jobs remain confined to women are (Marlow and McAdam, 2013) Even higher administrative positions do not include women but are more restricted to men These signs show that there is still a distinction between men and women (Warhurst et al, 2009; Stefanović and Stošić, 2012) In spite of the development of the participation of women in the work sector, we find that we still need to support them, which shows that there is an inequality between men and women, we find the need to deepen more in the social beliefs and skills and abilities possessed by both gender and explain the role of women and men in Countries and Communities (Banyard, 2010; Goodman, Smyth and Banyard, 2010)
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