Abstract
Entrepreneurship is essential in contributing to economic growth, job creation, technological advances, etc. in all countries, including Kazakhstan. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out how to further facilitate the development of (foreign) entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. In doing so, the authors attempted to identify factors influencing entrepreneurial intention (EI), specifically among the foreigners in Kazakhstan, and highlight the role of government support (GS) in general and under COVID-19. The study conceptualized the extended “TPB + Moderator (GS)” model. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 362 new and established foreign entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan by means of descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The study found that the foreigners’ personal attitude (PA) toward entrepreneurship was the strongest factor motivating their EI, followed by their perceived behavioral control (PBC) as the second strongest factor. The role of GS strengthened each effect of PA and PBC on EI. The moderating effect of GS and PA is greater than that of GS and PBC; each of the moderating effects is lower in magnitude than each of the direct effects. Their subject norms (SNs) and the moderating effect of GS and SNs are both insignificant.
Highlights
We present the respective empirical results yielded from the three analytical techniques using SPSS 18.0, which lead to the primary research findings of this study
This study embraced the “theory of planned behavior (TPB) + Moderator” model and primarily concluded that foreign entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan started up their business with a very strong entrepreneurial intention (EI), a positive attitude (PA) toward entrepreneurship, a moderate level of compliance with subjective norms (SNs), and modest perceived behavioral control (PBC)
They generally perceive a medium level of government support (GS) in Kazakhstan, while the individual perceptions are very unevenly distributed
Summary
Received: 11 May 2021Accepted: 15 June 2021Published: 23 June 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Entrepreneurship contributes significantly to the economy, society, and humankind [1]primarily in that it: (1) stimulates innovation and technological advancement; (2) enhances products, services, and quality management; (3) creates capital, employment, and social mobility; (4) exploits local natural and human resources; (5) adds to productivity and government revenue; (6) distributes wealth, mobilizes savings, and reduces poverty; (7) diversifies economic activities; and (8) speeds up the country’s economic development [2,3,4,5,6,7].
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