Factors Determining Subjective Health Perception Among Middle-and Upper-Middle Aged Individuals

Abstract

In the present study, we identified the factors of cognitive and physical performances predicting self-rated health perception (SRH) using an SRH questionnaire in 660 (298 men and 362 women) upper-middle-aged community dwellers. In addition, neuropsychological test battery and physical ability tests were applied. A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the forced entry method; digit cancellation test (D-CAT1), logical memory test, verbal fluency test, back strength, timed-up and-go (TUG), balancing test, age, and sex were independent variables, and SRH was used as the dependent variable. The results showed that variables of D-CAT1(β = 0.175, p < 0.001), TUG(β = −0.095, p < 0.026) and body mass index (BMI; β = 0.095, p < 0.018) significantly predicted participants’ SRH, whereas other variables, including sex, did not contribute significantly. D-CAT1 exerted the strongest effect on SRH. These findings indicate that upper-middle-aged individuals use their cognitive and physical performances that strongly relate to the prefrontal cortex functions to form SRH. Based on these findings, we discussed the possible effective strategies that the health-promoting staff of the local government can implement to sustain or increase the SRH of community dwellers.