Abstract
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of receipt of pensions and associated factors in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years and over.METHODS We used data from 9,130 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline survey. The outcome variable was receipt of pensions from any source. The exploratory variables were age, gender, residence by region and by urban/rural area, household arrangements, schooling, household assets, perception of income sufficiency, age when started working, number of chronic diseases, and functional limitation. The analyses were based on the Poisson and binary logistic regressions.RESULTS The prevalence of the receipt of pension was 54.3%. In the multivariate analysis, the following factors showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations with the outcome: age [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 2.59 and 3.24 for 60–69 and 70 years], rural residence (PR = 1.23 ), residence in the Northeast, South and Southeast compared to the North (PR ranging from 1.18 to 1.23), living arrangements (PR = 1.07 and 1.15 for living with one person and living alone), perception of income sufficiency (PR = 1.08 and 1.15 for sometimes and always), functional limitation (PR = 1.13) and having 1 and ≥ 2 chronic diseases (PR = 1,09 and 1,17). Negative association was observed for 5-8 years of education. No association between age when the individual started working and the outcome was observed. Younger participants (50–59 years old) with ≥ 2 diseases or functional limitation were 31% and 63% more likely to receive pensions, respectively; the strength of these associations declined with age.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that health conditions are important determinants of early retirement. Discussions to increase age to the retirement cannot be separated from those on improvements in the health conditions of the Brazilian population.
Highlights
The results suggest that health conditions are important determinants of early retirement
The Brazilian social security system is an important instrument for protection in old age and for the reduction of social inequalities
The Brazilian social security legislation in force was established in the Federal Constitution of 1988 (CF/1988)
Summary
The Brazilian social security system is an important instrument for protection in old age and for the reduction of social inequalities. In 2016, 33.6 million persons received social security benefits under the General Social Security Scheme, that is, more than 80% of the Brazilian population aged 60 and over is currently protected by social security[1]. In addition to the, which is responsible for the largest population coverage, public workers are covered by the General Social Security Scheme and each State has its own scheme, which cover approximately eight million beneficiaries[2]. Both schemes are public and compulsory, funded by contributions from employees and employers on salaries, taxation on revenue, and net profits of companies and other sources[3]. A third scheme, private and optional, is represented by supplementary pensions, whether open or closed[4]
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