Factors Associated with Plant Parasitic Nematode (PPN) Population: A Review

Abstract

<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp., root-knot nematodes (RKNs), are sedentary endoparasites that harm practically every crop on the planet. The root knot nematode attacks a variety of vegetable crops, causing delayed maturity, lower yields and quality, high production costs, and, as a result, a loss of income. The number of Root Knot Nematodes fluctuates from time to time, which can be caused by changes in temperature, soil type, and soil moisture. However, because the damage displays indications of drought and nutrient stress, it is frequently disregarded and goes unrecognized by most farmers. They degrade product quality in addition to reducing crop output owing to disruption in the host plant's physiology. The lack of awareness among farmers about the issues caused by root knot nematodes, as well as poor management strategies to combat the threat is a serious impediment to the protection of vegetable crops. To increase farmer acceptance, management techniques should be implemented in accordance with integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Vegetable growers should also be informed about the dangers of root-knot nematodes. In general, the paper summarizes elements that influence root knot nematode population dynamics, the significance of root knot nematodes and their development, as well as the pathogen life cycle and control methods.