Factoring media use into media system theory—An examination of 14 European nations (2002–2010)

Abstract

This study incorporates media use pattern into examining three distinct media systems proposed by Hallin and Mancini. The uses of newspapers, radio, television, and Internet in European Social Surveys were included. North-Central European nations, particularly the Nordic countries, demonstrate more widespread media use than other European nations. Media-use Gini indexes support Hallin and Mancini’s original demarcation. Cluster analysis, however, indicates that the European nations of the three groups slightly differ from the original typology.