Factores asociados a la mortalidad intrahospitalaria del infarto de miocardio. Resultados de un estudio observacional

Abstract

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in Spain. This study assesses in-hospital mortality and associated factors. Mortality of episodes of initial attention of myocardial infarction attended in hospitals was analyzed using the 2001 Minimum Basic Group of Data corresponding to the Community of Madrid in relation with sociodemographic, hospitals, procedures, risk factors and comorbidities. Statistical descriptive techniques and logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. 5,306 cases of myocardial infarction were studied. 71% were men and the mean age was 68 year. 73% were admitted in high technology hospitals, 49% received coronary angiography and 29% received a stent. Mortality rate was 10.8%. Multivariable analysis showed that increase in age, presence of arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, renal failure, cardiogenic shock and cerebrovascular disease were associated with in-hospital mortality, while admission in centers attending between 100 and 300 myocardial infarction cases, use of coronary angiography and stent, and previous history of arterial hypertension, smoking and high lipid levels, appeared to be protective factors. Mortality estimated with an administrative data-base is similar than the mortality estimated in studies based on clinical data sets. Mortality is associated with several variables; although some of them have been previously reported, others need further investigations to confirm their relevance.