Abstract
This study investigates copper(II) ion transport through a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole (n = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14), o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the plasticizer and cellulose triacetate as the polymer matrix. The feeding phase was a solution of 0.1 mol/dm3 CuCl2 and an equimolar (0.1 mol/dm3) mixture of copper, nickel, and cobalt chlorides with varying concentrations of chloride anions (from 0.5 to 5.0 mol/dm3) established with NaCl. The receiving phase was demineralized water. The flow rate of the source and receiving phases through the membrane module was within the range from 0.5 cm3/min to 4.5 cm3/min. The tests were carried out at temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. Transport of NaCl through the membrane was excluded for the duration of the test. It was noted that the flow rate through the membrane changes depending on the length of the carbon chain in the alkyl substituent from 16.1 μmol/(m2s) to 1.59 μmol/(m2s) in the following order: C8 > C9 > C10 > C11 > C12 > C14. The activation energy was 71.3 ± 3.0 kJ/mol, indicating ion transport through the PIM controlled with a chemical reaction. Results for transport in case of the concurrent separation of copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) indicate a possibility to separate them in a selective manner.
Highlights
Distinctive properties of copper in terms of electric and thermal conductivity, resistance to corrosion, and malleability make it one of the most widely applied non-ferrous metals [1,2]
Each phase was pushed through the membrane module multiple times. This indicated that the increase in the volumetric flow rate increased the frequency with which these phases passed through the membrane module
Differences in the transport speed described here may encourage the question about the mechanism of transport through the polymer inclusion membrane (PIM)
Summary
Distinctive properties of copper in terms of electric and thermal conductivity, resistance to corrosion, and malleability make it one of the most widely applied non-ferrous metals [1,2]. Copper metal is especially valuable in electric and electronic industries [3]. Copper is manufactured mainly by pyrometallurgical processes [4,5,6]. A significant flaw of this process is the production of large amounts of sulphur dioxide [7,8,9,10]. Waste generated in the course of pyrometallurgical processes contain heavy metals that are harmful to the environment [11]. High energy consumption and low level of metal recovery are significant flaws [12]
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