Facile synthesis of a novel CeCO3OH@(H/C–CdS) catalyst with synergistic effect of heterophase junction and heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation efficiency at room temperature

Abstract

A new CeCO3OH@(hexagonal/cubic phases–CdS) (CeCO3OH@(H/C–CdS)) composite catalyst was facilely synthesized by a simple microinjection titration–stirring method, in which CdS nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of CeCO3OH nanolines. The optimal conditions for the preparation of composite catalysts with high photocatalytic performance were determined by single-factor experiments and response surface experiments. Under these conditions, the degradation rate of 30 mL 2.000 g/L rhodamine B (Rh B) by CeCO3OH@(H/C-CdS) in a photocatalytic reaction for 1 h at 25 °C was up to 86.81 % and its degradation rate in a photocatalytic reaction for 150 min was up to 99.62 %. The degradation rate could be maintained above 80 % even after six times recycling. Especially, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 2.000 g/L Rh B on the composite catalyst under sunlight and at room temperature for 30 min reached 97.66 %. Meanwhile, the large size of CeCO3OH considerably alleviated the agglomeration of CdS, providing more adsorption and active sites for visible light-mediated degradation of Rh B. Importantly, the Z-scheme charge transfer realized by CdS and CeCO3OH enhanced the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, and successfully inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electrons with holes. At the same time, owing to the low energy band difference between the two phases of CdS, charge was transferred between the hexagonal and cubic phases, leaving more effective photogenerated charge to participate in the degradation of Rh B. The synergism of the heterophase junction and heterojunction and the presence of oxygen and sulfur vacancies considerably enhanced the degradation performance of the catalyst. Thus, this study provides a new strategy for the modification and enhanced visible-light catalysis performance of CdS-based catalysts.