Facile green fabrication of copper/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite for pathogens disinfection and dye degradation in wastewater

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the production of valuable nanomaterials using natural waste-derived extracts through a green synthesis approach. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were successfully fabricated using coffee grounds as a reducing agent. Characterization via TEM and DLS confirmed the small average size of the biogenic CuNPs, while XRD analysis indicated their formation in a pure state without impurities. To enhance effectiveness in bacterial disinfection, dye degradation, and conductivity, a CuNPs@polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite was developed. Various spectroscopic and microscopic methods validated CuNPs production. Experimental data demonstrated significant antibacterial activity in the CuNPs@PVDF nanocomposite, eliminating harmful bacteria (Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis) within 60 to 115 min. At concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL, the nanocomposite notably accelerated Methyl Red (MR) dye degradation, achieving degradation rates of 68.72 %, 81.48 %, and 100 % after 150 min. These findings advocate for the potential use of the CuNPs@PVDF nanocomposite in eliminating pathogens and reducing organic dye pollution. Its eco-friendly synthesis, effective disinfection, and photocatalytic proficiency signify its wide applicability in water treatment, establishing it as a promising solution for tackling water contamination issues.