Facile fabrication of hollow mesoporous Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging and drug delivery

Abstract

In this paper, we report a facile and reproducible approach to prepare Eu3+-doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) hollow mesoporous nanoparticles (HMNPs) by using polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAAS) NPs as templates. The synthesized NPs are well-dispersed with a diameter of 120 nm and a wall thickness around 20 nm, which were utilized as nanoprobes for simultaneous dual-modal fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and drug delivery due to their excellent luminescent property and obvious T1-enhancement effect as well as the HM structure. The Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 HMNPs possess the loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX) as high as 310 μg mg−1 and display the pH-responsive drug release property. In vitro cell cytotoxicity tests on cancer cells verify that the DOX loaded Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 HMNPs have comparable cytotoxicity with free DOX at the same concentration of DOX, while Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 HMNPs alone show no obvious cytotoxicity. In addition, Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 HMNPs exhibit excellent capability in dual-modal fluorescence and MR imaging. Taken together, these findings highlight the fascinating features of Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 HMNPs as dual-modal imaging contrast agents and drug delivery vehicles.