Abstract
Spanning several agro-ecological regions constituting 60% of total cropped area. The rain fed areas represent the geography with the largest concentration of poverty and backwardness. The cumulative neglect of the rainfed areas over the earlier plan periods in terms of institutional development, support systems, availability of appropriate inputs, credit, market access, agricultural research and extension has caused widespread desperation amongst farming community. Rain fed agriculture supports an estimated 40% of population (484 million) and has a large share of cropped area under rice (42%), pulses (77%), oilseeds (66%) and coarse cereals (85%). Harboring about 78% of cattle, 64% of sheep and 75% of goats rain fed areas cater to most part of the meat market in the country. In the light of the above, this paper made an attempt to briefly review the performance of Rain fed agriculture and critically examine the role of Livestock, Fisheries and Horticulture as a key component of rural livelihoods in rain fed regions and finally it also strongly advocates the hidden potential of Management of Common Pool Resources (CPRs) is an essential part of natural resource management in rain fed areas.
 
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