Abstract
Micro-needle electrodes (MEs) have attracted more and more attention for monitoring physiological electrical signals, including electrode-skin interface impedance (EII), electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recording. A magnetization-induced self-assembling method (MSM) was developed to fabricate a microneedle array (MA). A MA coated with Ti/Au film was assembled as a ME. The fracture and insertion properties of ME were tested by experiments. The bio-signal recording performance of the ME was measured and compared with a typical commercial wet electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode). The results show that the MA self-assembled from the magnetic droplet array under the sum of gravitational surface tension and magnetic potential energies. The ME had good toughness and could easily pierce rabbit skin without being broken or buckling. When the compression force applied on the ME was larger than 2 N, ME could stably record EII, which was a lower value than that measured by Ag/AgCl electrodes. EMG signals collected by ME varied along with the contraction of biceps brachii muscle. ME could record static ECG signals with a larger amplitude and dynamic ECG signals with more distinguishable features in comparison with a Ag/AgCl electrode, therefore, ME is an alternative electrode for bio-signal monitoring in some specific situations.
Highlights
Bio-signals, such as electrode-skin interface impedance (EII), electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG) and so on, are important physiological parameters and widely used in medical treatment, disease monitoring and medical research
Wet electrodes, such as typical commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes, are the most popular non-invasive electrode in clinical practice. Several drawbacks limit their further application: (1) wet electrodes cannot reach the conductive layers of the epidermis due to the stratum corneum which hinders the extraction of signals, as shown in Figure 1a; (2) the necessary conductive gel may cause skin irritations and allergic reactions; (3) wet electrodes are not suitable for long-term bio-signal monitoring due to the slow drying of the conductive gel and increase of EII [4,5,6,7]
TheThe mechanical bio-signalrecording recording performance of micro-needles electrodes (MEs) the MEs were investigated by experiments
Summary
Bio-signals, such as electrode-skin interface impedance (EII), electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG) and so on, are important physiological parameters and widely used in medical treatment, disease monitoring and medical research. To eliminate the need for gel application dry electrodes are employed [8,9], the stratum corneum must be removed to decrease EII before bio-signal recording. [13] fabricated barbed micro tip-based electrode arrays by silicon wet etching. Wang et al [14] fabricated a pyramidal impedance of the barbed dry electrode was low, and ECG recordings had adequate quality. Promising invasive neuralelectrode electrical stimulation and recording, silicon needles may break The flexible micro-needle electrode array was inpromising in to invasive neural electrical off during the insertion process and stay the skin due their mechanical fragility. The method to fabricate MEa, but the machined surface of the micro needles was rough and the tips results showed that a copper dry bio-electrode had copper less contact impedance valuediscussed.
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