Abstract
Recently, composite scaffolding has found many applications in hard tissue engineering due to a number of desirable features. In this present study, hydroxyapatite/bioglass (HAp/BG) nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared in different ratios using a hydrothermal approach. The aim of this research was to evaluate the adhesion, growth, viability, and osteoblast differentiation behavior of human Wharton’s-jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) on HAp/BG in vitro as a scaffold for application in bone tissue engineering. Particle size and morphology were investigated by TEM and bioactivity was assessed and proven using SEM analysis with hWJMSCs in contact with the HAp/BG nanocomposite. Viability was evaluated using PrestoBlueTM assay and early osteoblast differentiation and mineralization behaviors were investigated by ALP activity and EDX analysis simultaneously. TEM results showed that the prepared HAp/BG nanocomposite had dimensions of less than 40 nm. The morphology of hWJMSCs showed a fibroblast-like shape, with a clear filopodia structure. The viability of hWJMSCs was highest for the HAp/BG nanocomposite with a 70:30 ratio of HAp to BG (HAp70/BG30). The in vitro biological results confirmed that HAp/BG composite was not cytotoxic. It was also observed that the biological performance of HAp70/BG30 was higher than HAp scaffold alone. In summary, HAp/BG scaffold combined with mesenchymal stem cells showed significant potential for bone repair applications in tissue engineering.
Highlights
Scaffolding plays a significant role in tissue engineering by forming a suitable substrate for cell proliferation or differentiation, and bioceramics are known to be suitable for this purpose
Hydroxyapatite bioceramics are among the most important studied in recent years due to their useful biocompatibility and ability to graft onto bone tissue
From Energy-dispersed x-ray (EDX) analysis (Figure 7), this study demonstrated a specific accumulation in HAp70/BG30-human Wharton’s-jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) related to altered osteo-differentiation conditions
Summary
Scaffolding plays a significant role in tissue engineering by forming a suitable substrate for cell proliferation or differentiation, and bioceramics are known to be suitable for this purpose. Studies on bioceramics as implants began in the early 1970s. A wide variety of bioceramics have been introduced as scaffolds [1]. Bioceramics have been produced with varying shapes and phases to serve different functions in body repair. Hydroxyapatite bioceramics are among the most important studied in recent years due to their useful biocompatibility and ability to graft onto bone tissue. The many structural and chemical similarities between hydroxyapatites and the mineral phase of bone have made apatite a primary option for hard tissue repair [2,3]
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