Abstract
A novel, three-dimensional, porous, human-like collagen (HLC)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold cross-linked by 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane (DEO) was successfully fabricated, which showed excellent mechanical and superior biological properties for bone tissue regeneration in this study. The physicochemical characterizations of different n-HA/HLC/DEO (nHD) scaffolds were investigated by determining the morphology, compression stress, elastic modulus, Young’s modulus and enzymatic hydrolysis behavior in vitro. The results demonstrated that nHD-2 and nHD-3 scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis compared to nHD-1 scaffolds. The cell viability, live cell staining and cell adhesion analysis results demonstrated that nHD-2 scaffolds exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent cytocompatibility compared with nHD-1 and nHD-3 scaffolds. Furthermore, subcutaneous injections of nHD-2 scaffolds in rabbits produced superior anti-biodegradation effects and histocompatibility compared with injections of nHD-1 and nHD-3 scaffolds after 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In addition, the repair of bone defects in rabbits demonstrated that nHD-2 scaffolds presented an improved ability for guided bone regeneration and reconstruction compared to commercially available bone scaffold composite hydroxyapatite/collagen (HC). Collectively, the results show that nHD-2 scaffolds show promise for application in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties, anti-biodegradation, anti-biodegradation, biocompatibility and bone repair effects.
Highlights
Bone defects are frequently observed in patients with trauma, neoplasias, infection or corrective osteotomies
We focused on bone tissue regeneration scaffolds based on human-like collagen (HLC) and nHA
The results showed that new bone nHD-2 group; in contrast, the hydroxyapatite/collagen composite (HC) group showed a slightly decreased volume of newly formed bone formed gradually when nHD or HC degraded. nHD and HC scaffolds could lead to bone regeneration, tissue
Summary
Bone defects are frequently observed in patients with trauma, neoplasias, infection or corrective osteotomies. It is necessary to perform bone grafting treatment, as large segmental bone defects cannot heal without treatment [1]. Autologous bone grafts, allografts and xenografts serve as alternative materials to repair segmental bone defects [2]. There are limitations of these bone grafting treatment approaches, such as restricted availability, poor mechanical properties, allograft rejection reactions and donor site morbidity [2]. Some new substitutes for damaged bone tissue reconstruction must be developed and applied, which has been a major challenge due to the complex implant circumstances and limited applicability of alternative devices [3,4].
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