Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been developed as a promising photovoltaic cell type in recent decades because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of fabrication, and suitability for a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications, especially under diverse shaded and low-light condition. They are typically composed of three main components: a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate-based working electrode with wide-bandgap semiconductors and dye sensitizer molecules, an electrolytic mediator based on redox couple species, and a TCO-based counter electrode consisting of catalyst materials. The development of intrinsic and functional organic, inorganic, metal oxide, composite, and carbon-based materials has been intensively studied to enhance the efficiency of DSSCs. A simple and low-cost fabrication process that uses natural products is also considered essential for further large-scale production. In this article, we review the fabrication of various functional materials and their effects on DSSC performance.
Highlights
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent promising molecular architecture opportunities in the field of energy conversion
The development of new photosensitizers for DSSCs is a challenge that is being pursued through investigations at the molecular level
To provide a clear picture of the progress of DSSC research, this review provides a summary of recent advances in the fabrication of DSSC components
Summary
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent promising molecular architecture opportunities in the field of energy conversion. High-performance catalysts using composite or functional materials have been developed to promote the greater surface area, low charge-transfer resistance, and cocatalytic activity. An I−3 /I− redox couple electrolyte is typically employed in DSSCs (Maiaugree et al, 2015a; Sang-aroon et al, 2019) as it provides the best electrochemical efficiency and is widely used with a metal film catalyst.
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