Abstract
In this study, a novel promising approach for the fabrication of Halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites, based on the amino acid named Methionine (Met), was investigated. For this purpose, Met layered on the outer silane functionalized surface of HNT for controlled release of Phenytoin sodium (PHT). The resulting nanocomposite (MNT-g-Met) was characterized by FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential, TGA, TEM and FE-SEM. The FT-IR results showed APTES and Met peaks, which proved the modification of the HNTs. The zeta-potential results showed the interaction between APTES (+53.30) and Met (+38.80) on the HNTs (−30.92). The FE-SEM micrographs have displayed the grafting of Met on the modified HNTs due to the nanotube conversion to a rough and indistinguishable form. The amount of encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading efficiency (LE) of MNT-g-Met was 74.48% and 37.24%, while pure HNT was 57.5%, and 28.75%, respectively. In-vitro studies showed that HNT had a burst release (70% in 6 h) in phosphate buffer while MNT-g-Met has more controlled release profile (30.05 in 6 h) and it was found to be fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Due to the loading efficiency and controlled release profile, the nanocomposite promote a good potential for drug delivery of PHT.
Highlights
Chronic wounds are among the most costly unresolved health issues that reduce quality of life, costs, and acute conditions [1,2]
A common side effect of Phenytoin sodium (PHT) was the overgrowth of gingival fiber cells, which affected the formation of connective tissue cells, leading to its use in wound healing [6,7]
In the process of layering on Halloysite nanotube (HNT), the acidic agent of Met binds to the NH2 group of APTES molecule, which grafted on the surface of HNT, and the resulting nanocomposite will have a positive effect on drug loading and release of PHT
Summary
Chronic wounds are among the most costly unresolved health issues that reduce quality of life, costs, and acute conditions [1,2]. The use of HNT as a suitable carrier in drug delivery can be beneficial, and the release of the drug from its lumen surface shows a specific burst effect that is not suitable for controlled release. One of the agents that can be interesting in modifying of HNT outer surface is amino acids, which in addition to being biocompatible, are very effective in improving drug release [32,33,34]. In the process of layering on HNT, the acidic agent of Met binds to the NH2 group of APTES molecule, which grafted on the surface of HNT, and the resulting nanocomposite will have a positive effect on drug loading and release of PHT. MNT-g-Met nanocomposite preparation as a PHT carrier for chronic wound healing was investigated. The data obtained from the mentioned models were processed and evaluated based on the correlation coefficient R2
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