Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with the polymer anion poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, is a common electrochromic material used in the preparation of electrochromic devices (ECDs). In this paper, the PEDOT:PSS doped with a solvent was used both as the electrode and the electrochromic functional layer for fabrication of ECDs on absorptive paper surfaces. The doped PEDOT:PSS dispersion was assessed for the film-forming evenness, sheet resistance and conductivity, and the performance of prepared ECDs for their color contrast and switching dynamics. The ECD performance is discussed in relation to the absorptive characteristics of the substrates. The results indicate that it is feasible to prepare ECDs onto absorptive substrates, despite the partial polymer material imbibition into them. The extent of polymer absorption influences the ECD performance: an increased absorption reduces the color contrast but speeds up the color switching. The electrochemical properties of the used solid electrolyte were found to be crucial for functioning of the ECDs. Insufficient ion transport and associated high resistance led to failure of the devices.
Highlights
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are common color modulation devices that utilize regulation of the input electric potential for the color change [1]
The PEDOT:PSS dispersions were coated onto the cleaned glass slide substrates using a laboratory spin-coater (WS-650MZ-23NPPB, Laurell technology corporation, America) with 1500 rpm under ambient laboratory conditions [30], and dried on a hotplate at 120 ◦ C for 15 min
An optimal formulation, which was selected based on the uniformity and the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film, was spin-coated onto the substrates for the fabrication of ECDs
Summary
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are common color modulation devices that utilize regulation of the input electric potential for the color change [1]. If the solvent-doped PEDOT:PSS film has sufficient electrical conductivity to drive an ECD and demonstrates electrochromic characteristics, the structure of the ECD can be transformed into a simplified two-layer architecture based on the lateral configuration and the use of the top electrode is avoided. In this case, the constructed ECDs can be built onto non-transparent materials, such as eco-friendly paper material. This work lays ground for expanding the novel ECD development to biodegradable paper-based substrates
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