Abstract
From the environmental point of view, there is high demand for the preparation of polymeric materials for various applications from renewable and/or waste sources. New lignin-based spun fibers were produced, characterized, and probed for use in methylene blue (MB) dye removal in this study. The lignin was extracted from palm fronds (PF) and banana bunch (BB) feedstock using catalytic organosolv treatment. Different polymer concentrations of either a plasticized blend of renewable polymers such as polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate blend (PLA-PHB-ATBC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a potential waste material were used as matrices to generate lignin-based fibers by the electrospinning technique. The samples with the best fiber morphologies were further modified after iodine handling to ameliorate and expedite the thermostabilization process. To investigate the adsorption of MB dye from aqueous solution, two approaches of fiber modification were utilized. First, electrospun fibers were carbonized at 500 °C with aim of generating lignin-based carbon fibers with a smooth appearance. The second method used an in situ oxidative chemical polymerization of m-toluidine monomer to modify electrospun fibers, which were then nominated by hybrid composites. SEM, TGA, FT-IR, BET, elemental analysis, and tensile measurements were employed to evaluate the composition, morphology, and characteristics of manufactured fibers. The hybrid composite formed from an OBBL/PET fiber mat has been shown to be a promising adsorbent material with a capacity of 9 mg/g for MB dye removal.
Highlights
Carbon fibers (CFs) are carbon-like yarn fabrics with impressive mechanical performance and myriad functional properties
Polylactic acid blended with polyhydroxy butyrate plasticized with acetyl tributyl citrate (PLA-PHB-ATBC) pellets were obtained from Panara, s.r.o. (Nitra, Slovakia), while polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the treatment of aqueous solutions contaminated with methylene blue dye using as-spun fiber mats, CFs and hybrid composites
Summary
Carbon fibers (CFs) are carbon-like yarn fabrics with impressive mechanical performance and myriad functional properties. CFs have a tremendous strength, low density, stiffness, and remarkable electrical and thermal conductivity. They are fireretardant and chemically stable [1,2]. With comparison to metals such as steel, CFs have higher unique modulus and strength. These fibers comprise at least 92 (wt %) of carbon content [3] acquired from the pyrolysis of stabilized precursor fibers above (200–400 ◦ C). The high mechanical efficiency makes CFs desirable for using in composite manufacturing in the form of woven textiles as well as straight or chopped fibers [5]
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