Fabrication, Microstructure, and Properties of Nanoporous Pd, Ni, and Their Alloys by Dealloying

Abstract

Nanoporous metals can be fabricated by dealloying, which is one of the reactions that occur during the corrosion of alloys. Nanoporous gold has been widely investigated for several decades, and it has recently been found that other metals, such as platinum, palladium, nickel, and copper, can form nanoporous structures through the dealloying of binary alloys. This article mainly shows fabrication and properties of nanoporous palladium and nickel after introduction of nanoporous metals by referring to nanoporous gold as an example. It is necessary to select binary alloys with suitable elements, in which the dissolution of the less noble element and the aggregation of the nobler element at the solid/electrolyte interface are simultaneously allowed. Postprocessing by thermal or acid treatment alters the nanoporous structure. Various properties of nanoporous metals (including mechanical, catalytic, piezoelectric, hydrogenation, and magnetic ones) are different from those of bulk and nanocrystalline materials and nanoparticles because of their specific three-dimensional network structures consisting of nanosized pores and ligaments. Hydrogenation and magnetic properties are reviewed in terms of lattice strain at curved surfaces. These new metallic nanomaterials are now being investigated from the viewpoint of functional applications, and provide much room for study in various fields.