Abstract
Mesoporous beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has recently attracted significant interest as an artificial bone tissue in orthopedics. However, a scalable process is required to meet future demands. Spray drying is one of the potential synthesis methods owing to its low cost and scalable production. In this study, various mesoporous β-TCP powders were calcined in the range of 800 to 1100 °C, with particle sizes ranging from ~0.3 to ~1.8 μm, specific surface areas from ~16 to ~64 m2/g, and average pore sizes of 3 nm. Except for the 800 °C calcined powder, the other β-TCP powders (calcination temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C) exhibited no cytotoxicity. These results indicate that spray-dried mesoporous β-TCP powders were obtained. Finally, the corresponding formation mechanisms are discussed.
Highlights
Bioceramic has been used as bone repair to reduce the demand of autograft, allograft, or xenograft sources
For the β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powder calcined at 800 ◦C, the major phase of β-TCP (JSPDS no. 09-0169) and the minor phase of calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7) (JSPDS no. 09-0346) were observed
These results indicate that a calcination temperature of 800 ◦C was not capable of producing pure β-TCP powder, while β-TCP powders calcined at 900, 1000, and 1100 ◦C were able to produce β-TCP powders with high purity
Summary
Bioceramic has been used as bone repair to reduce the demand of autograft, allograft, or xenograft sources. Eliminating issues such as disease transfer risks and donor site morbidity which are common occurred when using bone graft materials [1]. Since the 1920s, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been used as a bone graft and bone implant for bone regeneration applications due to its similar chemical composition to that of the human bone [2]. Mesoporous materials, which contain pores with diameters between 2 and 50 nm, exhibit large specific surface areas and a narrow pore size to improve surface wettability and cell growth [8]. Mesoporous β-TCP has become one of the most popular bioceramics in the fields of medical and biological engineering
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