Fabrication and Characterization of Drug-Loaded Conductive Poly(glycerol sebacate)/Nanoparticle-Based Composite Patch for Myocardial Infarction Applications.

Nazanin Zanjanizadeh Ezazi,Heikki J Ruskoaho,Jarno Salonen,Ermei Mäkilä,Marianna Kemell,Alexandra Correia,Jouni Hirvonen,Orlando J Rojas,Hélder A Santos,Rubina Ajdary

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b21066

Abstract

Heart tissue engineering is critical in the treatment of myocardial infarction, which may benefit from drug-releasing smart materials. In this study, we load a small molecule (3i-1000) in new biodegradable and conductive patches for application in infarcted myocardium. The composite patches consist of a biocompatible elastomer, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), coupled with collagen type I, used to promote cell attachment. In addition, polypyrrole is incorporated because of its electrical conductivity and to induce cell signaling. Results from the in vitro experiments indicate a high density of cardiac myoblast cells attached on the patches, which stay viable for at least 1 month. The degradation of the patches does not show any cytotoxic effect, while 3i-1000 delivery induces cell proliferation. Conductive patches show high blood wettability and drug release, correlating with the rate of degradation of the PGS matrix. Together with the electrical conductivity and elongation characteristics, the developed biomaterial fits the mechanical, conductive, and biological demands required for cardiac treatment.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include disorders of heart and blood vessels and are the most common cause for over 17 million deaths worldwide, as measured only in the year 2016.1,2 Heart failure alone affects more than 23 million people globally and imposes a huge economic burden on societies
To evaluate the capability of degradable heart patch to release the model drug for heart tissue engineering (HTE) application, we propose the conductive and elastic poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-based patches loaded with 3i
We first started by synthesizing the conductive patch, as shown in Scheme 1, where the processing steps are illustrated

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include disorders of heart and blood vessels and are the most common cause for over 17 million deaths worldwide, as measured only in the year 2016.1,2 Heart failure alone affects more than 23 million people globally and imposes a huge economic burden on societies. Due to the limitation of donor heart or applicability and efficiency of drugs in specific tissues, along with their adverse effects and thrombosis in the implant sites,[3,4] novel and advanced techniques are at the center of attention to reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure. In this regard, tissue engineering emerges as a promising approach to advance cardiovascular medicine. Heart tissue engineering (HTE) has been shown to promote the recovery of the infarcted heart muscle after blockage of the coronary arteries.[6]

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Conclusion