Abstract
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is a novel and green sample preparation technique introduced in 2014. FPSE utilizes a natural or synthetic permeable and flexible fabric substrate chemically coated with a sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent in the form of ultra-thin coating, which leads to a fast and sensitive micro-extraction device. The flexible FPSE requires no modification of samples and allows direct extraction of analytes. Sol-gel sorbent-coated FPSE media possesses high chemical, solvent, and thermal stability due to the strong covalent bonding between the substrate and the sol-gel sorbent. Therefore, any elution solvent can be used in a small volume, which achieves a high pre-concentration factor without requiring any solvent evaporation and sample reconstitution step. Taking into consideration the complexity of the samples and the need of further minimization and automation, some new, alternative modes of the FPSE have also been developed. Therefore, FPSE has attracted the interest of the scientific community that deals with sample pre-treatment and has been successfully applied for the extraction and determination of many analytes in environmental samples as well as in food and biological samples. The objective of the current review is to present and classify the applications of FPSE according to different sample categories and to briefly show the progress, advantages, and the main principles of the proposed technique.
Highlights
It is well known that sample preparation is a very important and inevitable step in the chemical analysis workflow
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) medium was selected among sol-gel C18 and sol-gel PEG-PPG-PEG because of its best absolute recovery values ranging between 22% and 58% while the two other sorbent media provided recovery values lower than 5%
The inherently porous structure of the sol-gel sorbent networks along with the great permeability of the host fabric substrate synergistically contribute to the efficient extraction procedure and reduce equilibrium extraction time
Summary
It is well known that sample preparation is a very important and inevitable step in the chemical analysis workflow. Due to its inherent porosity, reduction of the extraction equilibrium time, and higher or equivalent sensitivity is achieved when compared to commercial SPME fibers Both the coating technology and the PCSA have to be increased, which results in a sensitive and fast sample preparation technique [6,7]. The FPSE device is reusable and can be exposed to any organic solvent or harsh chemical environment, which keeps its sorption capability unaffected It provides a high primary contact surface area (PCSA) for rapid analyte-sorbent interaction and, as a result, for rapid and efficient analyte extraction (fast extraction equilibrium). Rapp (%)—Apparent recovery that includes the extraction recovery and matrix effect; b Relative recoveries from calibrations in ultrapure water; c,d LOD and LOQ in ng/g
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