Ezetimibe decreases serum oxidized cholesterol without impairing bile acid synthesis in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients

Abstract

ObjectiveCholesterol and diet-derived oxidized cholesterol are absorbed in the small intestine and eliminated by bile acids. We determined whether ezetimibe, a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, changes serum oxidized cholesterol levels. MethodsWe measured levels of plant sterols, cholesterol precursors, and oxysterols by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 47 hypercholesterolemics and 32 controls. Twenty-four hypercholesterolemics received 10 mg ezetimibe/day for 4 weeks. ResultsPlant sterols were 30–42% higher in hypercholesterolemics than in controls and positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Ezetimibe decreased plant sterols by 21–53%, but did not change bile acid synthesis markers. 7β-hydroxycholesterol, a marker for non-enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol, was 66% higher in hypercholesterolemics than controls. Ezetimibe decreased 7β-hydroxycholesterol levels by 15% regardless of LDL-C reduction. ConclusionsEzetimibe decreases serum oxidized cholesterol generated by non-enzymatic reactions without impairing bile acid synthesis. Ezetimibe may maintain cholesterol excretion into bile and alleviate the diet-derived oxidative burden.