Abstract
Facial recognition has been an active field of imaging science. With the recent progresses in computer vision development, it is extensively applied in various areas, especially in law enforcement and security. Human face is a viable biometric that could be effectively used in both identification and verification. Thus far, regardless of a facial model and relevant metrics employed, its main shortcoming is that it requires a facial image, against which comparison is made. Therefore, closed circuit televisions and a facial database are always needed in an operational system. For the last few decades, unfortunately, we have experienced an emergence of asymmetric warfare, where acts of terrorism are often committed in secluded area with no camera installed and possibly by persons whose photos have never been kept in any official database prior to the event. During subsequent investigations, the authorities thus had to rely on traumatized and frustrated witnesses, whose testimonial accounts regarding suspect’s appearance are dubious and often misleading. To address this issue, this paper presents an application of a statistical appearance model of human face in assisting suspect identification based on witness’s visual recollection. An online prototype system was implemented to demonstrate its core functionalities. Both visual and numerical assessments reported herein evidentially indicated potential benefits of the system for the intended purpose.
Highlights
With the emergence of the 4th generation or the Asymmetric Warfare, threats due to terrorisms as well as self-radicalization have ever been escalated during the past decade [1, 2]
These have led to single handed terrorist acts in disguise, which typically occurred in a secluded part of urban areas, where there is no close circuit television (CCTV) or other advanced visual technologies
Unlike other existing works and instead of attempting to automatically search for a face in the database from a given sample, this study proposes an intuitive means of converting and combining eyewitnesses’ visual recollection of the suspect’s appearance into model parameters, which in turn will be used to synthesize a 3D face from statistical facial model built from a training set
Summary
With the emergence of the 4th generation or the Asymmetric Warfare, threats due to terrorisms as well as self-radicalization have ever been escalated during the past decade [1, 2] These have led to single handed terrorist acts in disguise, which typically occurred in a secluded part of urban areas, where there is no close circuit television (CCTV) or other advanced visual technologies. Since typical facial recognition schemes normally fail when querying an unknown image and would return instead a most similar one [7, 11]. This could possibly lead to wrongly informed intel, unlawful arrests or civilian lawsuits
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