Eye movement task measures inhibition and spatial working memory in adults with schizophrenia, ADHD, and a normal comparison group

Abstract

Schizophrenia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both associated with deficits in inhibition and working memory, although in ADHD the working memory deficit is hypothesized to be secondary to the inhibitory deficit. This similarity in cognitive processes has been paralleled by similarities across the two groups in the performance of working memory and inhibition tasks. The delayed oculomotor response task is an alternative task, which may allow greater separation of working memory from inhibitory components, and thus its use may provide additional information on primary vs. secondary deficits in these disorders. Ten young adult ADHD sufferers, 10 schizophrenic subjects, and 10 normal subjects were matched on age, gender, and education. Eye movements were recorded during delayed oculomotor response tasks with 1- and 3-s delays. Both the ADHD and the schizophrenic subjects demonstrated dis-inhibition (an increased percentage of premature saccades); however only schizophrenic subjects demonstrated an impaired working memory (decreased spatial accuracy of the remembered saccade). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that working memory is a primary deficit in schizophrenia, but secondary to the inhibitory deficit in ADHD.