Abstract
Background: The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the varied extrapulmonary manifestations associated with the novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study mainly focuses to identify the most common extrapulmonary manifestations encountered in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia as noted in the Indian subcontinent. Materials and methods: A total of 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease were retrospectively evaluated for extrapulmonary imaging findings or complications. These patients had undergone various imaging examinations during the course of hospital stay. Images were reviewed using the institutional PACS database system over a period of three months (August to October 2020). Results: Among the 145 patients (91 males and 54 females), 54 patients (37.2%) had extrapulmonary findings or complications on imaging. Various extrapulmonary findings observed are as follows: ischemic brain infarcts (n=12), intracranial hemorrhage (n=5), viral encephalitis (n=1), perinephric fat stranding (n=3), small bowel ischemia (n=1), acute pancreatitis (n=2), splenomegaly (n=15), pericardial effusion (n=2), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n=9), and pneumomediastinum (n=4). Conclusion: With increasing spread of COVID-19 infection worldwide, it is important to identify the spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations related to COVID-19 pneumonia in the long run. A clear understanding of the extrapulmonary imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia is essential so that the radiologist can make a timely and accurate diagnosis to aid in patient management. Keywords: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); COVID-19 pneumonia; extrapulmonary manifestations; viral encephalitis, renal dysfunction; pneumomediastinum
Highlights
To enhance understanding of the evolving COVID-19 outbreak in China and the nature and impact of ongoing containment measures;
The Joint Mission was headed by Dr Bruce Aylward of World Health Organization (WHO) and Dr Wannian Liang of the People’s Republic of China
The Joint Mission began with a detailed workshop with representatives of all of the principal ministries that are leading and/or contributing to the response in China through the National Prevention and Control Task Force
Summary
The overall goal of the Joint Mission was to rapidly inform national (China) and international planning on steps in the response to the ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-191) and on steps in readiness and preparedness for geographic areas not yet affected. To gain first-hand knowledge on the field level implementation and impact of the national and local response strategy, under a range of epidemiologic and provincial contexts, visits were conducted to Beijing Municipality and the provinces of Sichuan (Chengdu), Guangdong (Guangzhou, Shenzhen) and Hubei (Wuhan). The Joint Mission gave particular focus to addressing key questions related to the natural history and severity of COVID-19, the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 virus in different settings, and the impact of ongoing response measures in areas of high (community level), moderate (clusters) and low (sporadic cases or no cases) transmission. The final report of the Joint Mission was submitted on 28 February 2020
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