Abstract
12-Tungstophosphoric acid (PW) supported on KSF montmorillonite, PW/KSF, was used as catalyst for deep oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of mixed thiophenic compounds in model oil and crude oil under mild conditions using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing agent. A one-factor-at-a-time method was applied for optimizing the parameters such as temperature, reaction time, amount of catalyst, type of extractant and oxidant-to-sulfur compounds (S-compounds) molar ratio. The corresponding products can be easily removed from the model oil by using ethanol as the best extractant. The results showed high catalytic activity of PW/KSF in the oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and mixed thiophenic model oil under atmospheric pressure at 75 °C in a biphasic system. To investigate the oxidation and adsorption effects of crude oil composition on ODS, the effects of cyclohexene, 1,7-octadiene and o-xylene with different concentrations were studied.
Highlights
A major cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels and producing compounds such as NOx and SOx, which is released from factories and vehicle exhausts
The results show that Keggin-type HPA catalysts with H2O2 may be promising for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model oils (Kozhevnikov 1998)
In order to investigate the activity of PW supported on KSF (PW/KSF) and optimize the reaction conditions, deep desulfurization of 1000 ppm DBT in n-hexane was carried out, with EtOH as extractant, at different temperatures, oxidant-to-S-compounds molar ratio (O/S) molar ratios and amounts of the catalyst (Table 1)
Summary
A major cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels and producing compounds such as NOx and SOx, which is released from factories and vehicle exhausts. In accordance with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations on sulfur concentration in transportation fuels and the demand for diesel fuel with low sulfur content, removal of sulfur-containing compounds is an important issue for the petroleum refining industry (Mei et al 2003). To achieve this goal, most sulfur-containing compounds are desulfurized by hydrodesulfurization (HDS), in which H2 gas is used to remove the S-compounds through the formation of hydrocarbons and H2S. The integration of an ODS unit with a conventional hydrotreating unit can improve the economics of diesel desulfurization process in comparison with the current HDS technology (Stanislaus et al 2010)
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