Abstract
Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of ginseng. To extract the most effective polysaccharides against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we isolated and characterized the polysaccharides from the mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) and compared their composition and cytotoxic effect with cultivated ginseng (CG) polysaccharide against HepG2 cell lines for the first time. MCG polysaccharides and CG polysaccharides were fractionated into two fractions such as MTPS-1, MTPS-2 and CTPS-1, CTPS-2 by salting out, respectively. Compared to CG, MCG possessed appreciable cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells among that MTPS-1 possess fortified effect. Then, MTPS-1 was selected for further isolation process and seven acidic polysaccharides (MCGP-1–MCGP-7) were obtained using ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange, and gel permeation chromatography techniques. Structural characteristics of the polysaccharides (MCGP-1–MCGP-7) were done by adapting methylation/GC-MS and NMR analysis. Overall, MCGP-3 polysaccharide was found to possess significant cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells with the IC50 value.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with poor prognosis and lower survival rate [1, 2]
Results of the structural characterization of MCGP-3– MCGP-4 indicated that the characteristic compositions of RGI pectin, that is Rha, galacturonic acid (GalA), Ara, and Gal [17]
The study found that the main chain of MCGP-3 was mainly composed of GalA, Gal, Glc, and Rha, the content is 42.75, 9.57, 34.11, and 9.85%, respectively; the main chain of MCGP-4 was mainly composed of GalA, Gal, Glc, and Rha, the content is 62.43, 17.65, 4.28, and 6.54%, respectively
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with poor prognosis and lower survival rate [1, 2]. HCC accounts for more than 90% of liver cancer and has the characteristics of uncertain growth, invasion, and anti-apoptosis, which leads to drug resistance and treatment failure [3, 4]. It is still necessary to discover new and effective therapeutic drugs. The research on ginsenosides is relatively in-depth, Polysaccharides Ginseng Against HCC due to the molecular weight limitation, the studies on ginseng polysaccharides were limited. Natural polysaccharides seek much attention among researchers due to their effectiveness and non-toxic nature [5,6,7,8,9]. Polysaccharides from natural sources have been utilized as a drug to treat specific cancer owing to their substantial proliferation, migration, and apoptosis effect [10, 11]
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