Abstract
Abstract Because of the environmental footprint of oil-based materials, the demand for bio-based renewable materials is hiked. The usage of agricultural waste to extract cellulose, minimized the dependent of hydrocarbon products which is an added value besides due to overpopulation the productivity is increased, which leads to an increase in agricultural waste that causes environmental pollution. In this work, various cellulosic materials, such as cellulosic textile fibers (CTF), microcrystalline cellulosic fibers, and nanocrystalline cellulosic fibers, were extracted from coffee waste to make them into valuable products. The morphological analysis of extracted cellulose is performed by scanning electron microscopy, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to investigate the structure of extracted cellulose, which indicates the crystalline cellulosic components from the extraction process; X-ray diffractometer analysis shows the extracted cellulose was cellulose I and cellulose II. The cellulose that is extracted by ultrasonication with dimethyl sulfoxide has 88 % of cellulose with a crystallinity index of 74.5 %, and the thermal properties of raw coffee husk and extracted cellulose were compared by thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the dye uptake of the CTF shows its potential as a bio-adsorbent in the dye removal domain.
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