Abstract
For improving the management of watershed eutrophication, methods for measuring bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) are more important than measurements of total phosphorus (TP). BAP in particulate form (P-BAP) is an important substance that promotes eutrophication, especially during rainy seasons. Only a portion of particulate phosphorus (PP) is taken up by algae that contribute to eutrophication. Erosion and runoff associated with rainfall transport PP bound to sediments and soil particles to surface waters, thus increasing PP concentration. This research evaluated an extraction method using an ultrasonic washing machine for extraction time and frequency. Extraction at a frequency of 28-45 kHz and an extraction time of 1 min resulted in extracted P concentrations almost the same as concentrations extracted using conventional methods. This new method requires less time and is more efficient than conventional methods because it extracts P from multiple samples in a single step. Results indicate that extraction using an ultrasonic washing machine is a promising method for rapidly obtaining BAP from sediments and soil particles.
Highlights
Eutrophication is a common problem in rivers and lakes, and in closed coastal areas
Phosphate compounds found in soils, fertilizers and other compound may be carried in surface runoff to rivers, lakes, and oceans, where they are taken up by aquatic organisms
bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) is extracted from sediments by using 0.1 M NaOH combined with ultrasonication produced by an ultrasonic horn (Ngoc et al b)
Summary
Eutrophication is a common problem in rivers and lakes, and in closed coastal areas. The AGP test requires an incubation time of more than 14 days and is not suitable for evaluating BAP in large numbers of samples Chemical methods, such as a single extraction with 0.1 M NaOH has been suggested by Sharpley (Sharpley et al ). BAP is extracted from sediments by using 0.1 M NaOH combined with ultrasonication produced by an ultrasonic horn (Ngoc et al b) This extraction method processes a single sample in each operation, which limits the number of samples that can be extracted and makes the method unsuitable for routine laboratory analysis. To develop a simple and convenient method, suitability of an ultrasonic washing machine to quantify BAP in particulate form was investigated using soil and sediments from rivers and lakes
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