Abstract
Classical solvent extraction (CSE), solvent maceration (SM), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) techniques were applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit collected from the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey. Among these techniques, MAE is the most prominent in terms of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins yield in the extract. Total phenolics, total anthocyanin and total flavonoid content in MAE extract were determined as 1035 gallic acid/100 g fresh bilberry weight (fw), 963.16 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g fw and 150.21 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g fw, respectively. Seven different anthocyanin compounds were identified in bilberry extracts. The effect of extraction techniques on the anthocyanin’s distribution was revealed. Accordingly, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was found to be the most dominant anthocyanin in wild bilberry fruit.
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