Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate petroleum ether and hydroalcohol extracts of Eruca sativa seeds in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in the rat model. GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether extract revealed the presence of fatty acids and erucic acid. Quercetin and kaempferol were isolated from the hydroalcohol extract. Diabetes was induced in rat by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg i.p.) 15 min after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Both the extracts at different doses produced a significant attenuation in the elevated serum glucose level. Elevated renal parameters, lipid and anti-oxidant enzyme levels were restored in a dose-dependant manner. Moreover, both extracts produced significant reduction in the formation of advanced glycation end products in the kidney. These findings suggest that E. sativa might inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy and could be a therapeutic agent for the management of diabetic nephropathy.
 Video Clip of Methodology:
 Extraction of compounds from seeds: 3 min 45 sec Full Screen Alternate
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus
Preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether extract showed the presence of terpenoids and fatty acids whereas carbohydrates, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids were present in the hydroalcohol extract
GC-MS analysis was conducted on the crude petroleum ether extract of E. sativa seeds
Summary
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, 20-40% of diabetic patients with microalbuminuria will progress to overt nephropathy and 20% of them will develop end-stage renal failure within 20 years. Hyperglycemia results in activation of multiple biochemical pathways like glucose flux through the polyol pathway, the hexosamine pathway, excess/inappropriate activation of protein kinase C isoforms and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These activated pathways are the major source of damage and are potential therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy (Edwards et al, 2008). Use of herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetic complications is very important in developing countries where the cost of conventional medicines is a burden to the population. Plants like Canscora decussate, Punica granatum Sesbania sesban have the protective effect against diabetic nephro -pathy (Irshad et al, 2013; Mestry et al, 2016; Pandhare et la., 2011; )
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