Abstract
An urban fringe area, depicted as a typical ecotone, is a region where both social and environmental problems are concentrated. Identifying and evaluating the spatial–temporal characteristics of urban fringe areas is significant for future development. On the basis of the land use data extracted from remote sensing data, the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) of each unit can be calculated, and identifying the urban fringe area by the breakpoint method is reliable. By using the rapidly growing Changchun as example, this study identifies the urban fringe of Changchun in 1995, 2005, and 2015 by applying the breakpoint method. The expansion amount, change mode, direction of expansion, landscape, and influence factors are evaluated. Policy and planning are the main factors influencing the development direction of the Changchun fringe area. The urban fringe area of Changchun City is extended to the east, southeast, and north. From 1995 to 2005, the outlying expansion was the dominant type. The main change mode was the infilling type due to the reduction of available land, from 2005 to 2015. In accordance with the landscape metrics, the landscape within the urban fringe transformed from fragmentation to regularization. The development of the urban fringe also transformed from a disorderly to an orderly manner.
Highlights
Herbert Louis [1] proposed the concept of the “urban fringe area” in 1936
Five major land cover types and other land were found within the study area: forest, grassland, wetlands, farmland, and settlements. With this modified approach applied in this study, land use maps from 1995 to 2015 were generated through the following two steps: Reference map production: The 2015 land use map was derived from 2015 Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagISePrRyS Iunts.iJn
The identification and evaluation of urban fringe spatial distribution are the foundation for this work
Summary
Herbert Louis [1] proposed the concept of the “urban fringe area” (stadtrand zonen) in 1936. An urban fringe is located between an urban built-up and a rural area. The urban fringe area is transitional, gradual, and dynamic in numerous aspects, such as population, economy, land use, and ecology [2,3,4]. Depicted as a typical ecotone, an urban fringe plays an important role in urban evolution. China has previously undergone a dramatic urbanization process. The urbanization level was 49.9% in 2010 and reached 57.35% by 2016 [5]. The studies on the evolution of the urban fringe are significant in strengthening the orderly management of land resources and realizing the rational control of urban development and rural urbanization [6]
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