Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan from Pink Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) Shell Wastes

Özen Yusuf Öğretmen,Barış Karsli,Emre Çağlak

doi:10.15832/ankutbd.861909

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the extract of chitosan obtained from pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) shell wastes in Balıkesir, the Marmara Sea in Turkey, and to characterize its quality. The physicochemical properties of biopolymer chitosan such as moisture content, solubility, degree of deacetylation (DD), molecular weight (MW), particle size, bulk density, pH, water-binding capacity (WBC), fat-binding capacity (FBC), and color attributes were examined. The obtained chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spektrofotometer (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Thermogravimetric measurements (TG/DTA/DTG). Results indicated that the yield and moisture content of chitosan was 18.82% and 3.62%, respectively. DD was 81.50% while solubility was 86.79%. MW of chitosan was found to be 310 kDa. The presence of the amino group was confirmed from the FT-IR spectra of the synthesized chitosan. Thermogravimetric measurements showed that chitosan had low thermal stability. SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphologies of chitosan consisted of relatively smooth surface and nanofiber structures. Based on the physicochemical characteristics obtained in the present study, pink shrimp could be a potential source to produce high-quality chitosan for industrial applications.

Highlights

Chitin is the second most common organic polymer on earth after cellulose (Kucukgulmez et al.2011) and can be abundantly found in marine invertebrates, crab, shrimp, insects, yeast, and fungi (Samar et al 2013)
The chitosan yield of pink shrimp shell used in the present study was higher than those obtained from some species by Varun et al (2017) and Ait et al (2018); it was comparable with those reported by Kucukgulmez et al (2011) and Nessa et al (2011)
Sedaghat et al (2017) compared three different methods to obtain chitosan from shrimp shells and reported that the highest chitosan yield was obtained with the autoclave method

Summary

Introduction

Chitin is the second most common organic polymer on earth after cellulose (Kucukgulmez et al.2011) and can be abundantly found in marine invertebrates, crab, shrimp, insects, yeast, and fungi (Samar et al 2013). Chitosan and its oligomers have attracted considerable attention because of their antimicrobial, antitumor, and hypocholesterolemic properties (No et al 2002; Rinaudo 2006). It is generally soluble in aqueous acid solutions such as citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, etc. But insoluble in water (Karsli et al 2019). It is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible (Mourya & Inamdar 2008). Deacetylation degree (DD) and molecular weight (MW) are critical parameters that strongly affect most of its physicochemical properties and biological activities (El Knidri et al 2017)

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