Extraction and identification of the components of Thymbra spicata L. and Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad Oils native to Ilam province by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Abstract

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad (Lamiaceae) and Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) are medicinal plants belonging to the genera of Satureja and Thymbra, having many uses in traditional Iranian medicine. S. khuzistanica is used to treat different diseases such as cramps, nausea, and infectious diseases. Medicinal plants, extracts and essential oils are of special importance for pharmacy, health and food industries. S. khuzistanica and T. spicata plants were collected from Dehloran located in south of Ilam province in western Iran. Then, they were dried and powdered. Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to obtain extracts of mentioned plants and identify their active compounds. Essential oil from T. spicata contained 45 chemical compounds, whose main ones were isothymol (36.24%), gamma-terpinene (17.94%), O-cymene (10.92%), trans-caryophyllene (7.81%), alpha-pinene (7.24%), and camphene (3.61%). Also, essential oil from S. khuzestanica contained 43 chemical compounds which main ones were carvacrol (71.99%), camphene (2.84%), alpha-pinene (1.63%), 1,8-Cineole (1.51%). carvone (1.44%) and beta-pinene (1.42). Results from present study indicated that antioxidative and antimicrobial compounds such as carvacrol were found in both plants (S. khuzestanica and T. spicata) from the Laminaceae family. Therefore, essential oils of these plants can find applications as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiseptic compounds for medicinal and health purposes.