Extraction and characterization of Nanocellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse as agro-waste

Farag A Esmail,Mariam A Al-Maadeed,Medhat E Owda,Mohammed B Ghazy,Waleed K El-Zawawy

doi:10.24297/jac.v12i3.2166

Farag A Esmail, Mariam A Al-Maadeed + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i3.2166

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by acid hydrolysis 60% (w/w) H2SO4 at 45 ◦C. The effect of hydrolysis time (20, 30 and 40 min) on the structure and properties of the nanofibers was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the hemicellulose and lignin were removed extensively in the cellulose whiskers. The morphology and dimensions of the fibers and acid-released cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that SCB could be used as source to obtain cellulose whiskers and they had needle-like structures. Longer hydrolysis time produced a lower yield of nanofibers; whereas the degree of crystallinity increased from 38.22% to 65.37% with increasing hydrolysis time due to removal of amorphous cellulose.

Highlights

In recent years, the quest for sustainable development has motivated efforts toward maximizing the efficiency of the use of raw materials and minimizing the creation of waste [1]
Cellulose fibers were obtained from Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) fibers by alkali and bleaching treatment which are characterized by chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and microscopic observations
Cellulose nanocrystals were successfully extracted from purified material using sulfuric acid while keeping the acid concentration and reaction temperature constant and varying the hydrolysis time

Summary

Introduction

The quest for sustainable development has motivated efforts toward maximizing the efficiency of the use of raw materials and minimizing the creation of waste [1] In this context, the use of biomass residues as feedstock for the production of energy and materials has been the object of intensive academic and industrial research [2,3,4,5]. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a residue from the refining process of sugarcane that contains about 40-50% of cellulose in its composition [6] This characteristic suggests the possibility of using the SCB as a source of cellulose fibers for the extraction of whiskers structures. Chemical treatments for cellulose fibers production at different routes were used to isolate nanowhiskers from mulberry [16], banana fibers [17], pea hull fibers [18], and sisal fibers [19,20]

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