Extract of Fermented and Non-Fermented Seeds of Parkia Biglobosa Attenuates Hyperglycaemia and Related Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Animals.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus persists as a major global health challenge despite several interventions. Remedies from natural plant products such as Parkia biglobosa (PB) seeds promises to be an effective alternative with no or fewer side effects. This study sort to assess and compare the total protein, fatty acid profile, phytochemical, antioxidant and antihyperglycaemic effect of fermented (FSE) and non-fermented (NSE) seed extract of PB in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced (STZ-N) diabetic rats. Methods: Proximate composition (total proteins and lipids), fatty acid composition (by Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether followed GC-MS) as well as phytochemical constituent and radical scavenging activity were performed on FSE and NSE. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.w) followed by nicotinamide (110 mg/kg b.w) 15 minutes afterwards. Diabetic rats were orally treated with FSE and NSE (at 100 mg/kg b.w and 250 mg/kg b.w) or glibenclamide daily for 28 days. The antihyperglycemic effect was evaluated using biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), lipid profile and kidney function parameters. Result: Protein and crude fat levels in the fermented were higher than non-fermented (12.5% and 97.6%, respectively). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in both. NSE had higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The 250 mg/kg b.w of NSE and FSE reduced serum glucose levels by 53% and 42%, comparable to 39.5% of glibenclamide. total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were reduced, with increased HDL levels. Further improvement in kidney function parameters was observed compared to the diabetes control. Conclusion: This study showed that both non-fermented and fermented seed extract of PB exerted antihyperglycemic effects and had potent therapy for type 2 diabetes and related nephropathy.