Abstract
Extracellular vesicles and ceramide: new mediators for macrophage chemotaxis?
Highlights
Intercellular communication is a vital process in the function of all multicellular organisms
Kakazu et al show that the ceramide metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contained within lipotoxic extracellular vesicles (EVs) triggered S1PR1 signaling in macrophages, and demonstrated that inhibiting S1PR1 expression could mitigate macrophage migration
A recent study demonstrated that hepatocyte exosomes that transfer sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) to target hepatocytes can cause an increase in S1P and cell proliferation in models of ischemia/reperfusion or partial hepatectomy [7]
Summary
Intercellular communication is a vital process in the function of all multicellular organisms. In this issue of the Journal of Lipid Research, Kakazu et al [5] studied the role of palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and IRE1(␣) activation in the generation of C16:0 ceramide-enriched EVs from hepatocytes. The authors provide novel insights into the mechanisms of macrophage-associated chemotaxis elicited by pro-inflammatory EVs [5].
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