Abstract
The use of dead biomass of the fungus Hypocrea lixii as a biological system is a new, effective and environmentally friendly bioprocess for the production and uptake of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs), which has become a promising field in nanobiotechnology. Dead biomass of the fungus was successfully used to convert nickel ions into nickel oxide NPs in aqueous solution. These NPs accumulated intracellularly and extracellularly on the cell wall surface through biosorption. The average size, morphology and location of the NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The NPs were mainly spherical and extra and intracellular NPs had an average size of 3.8 nm and 1.25 nm, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of nickel oxide NPs. Infrared spectroscopy detected the presence of functional amide groups, which are probable involved in particle binding to the biomass. The production of the NPs by dead biomass was analyzed by determining physicochemical parameters and equilibrium concentrations. The present study opens new perspectives for the biosynthesis of nanomaterials, which could become a potential biosorbent for the removal of toxic metals from polluted sites.
Highlights
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and production of NPs with new properties, which differ significantly from their corresponding bulk solid-state material
Effect of physicochemical parameters on biosorption for nickel oxide NPs synthesis The biosorption properties of the three types of H. lixii biomass were evaluated as a function of initial pH, temperature, agitation rate, biomass dose, contact time, and initial Ni (II) concentration to determine the satisfactory biosorption of Ni (II) ions
The present results showed that physicochemical parameters affect the removal of nickel from aqueous solution, in agreement with other studies [31,32,33]
Summary
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and production of NPs with new properties, which differ significantly from their corresponding bulk solid-state material. These differences are due to effects such as quantum size effect, surface effect, and macroscopic quantum tunneling [1], [2]. Nickel oxide NPs have attracted wide interest due to their applications in magnetic [3], electronic [4], optical [5], gas sensors [6], electrochemical films, photo electronic devices [7], catalysis, battery electrodes [8], and others. Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles by Fungi synthesized by different physical and chemical methods. The importance of biological synthesis is being emphasized globally since chemical methods are capital and energy intensive, toxic, and have low yield [9]
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